[Uk Model Essay from Exam Board- Level 4] Do You Agree...

(40 MARK) Whereas sources 4 and 6 suggest that Henry had given all power to Wolsey, source 5 contradicts this argument, describing how the king had overall power. Source 4, an extract from Scarisbrick ‘Henry VIII,’ gives the impression that Henry gave all power to Wolsey, whilst he â€Å"hunted and jousted.† Cavendish then states how the king had â€Å"surrendered the cares of the state into the Cardinal’s hands.† This gives the impression that Wolsey had the powers of the king and was in charge of running the country efficiently. This is supported by source 6, where Henry asks Wolsey to watch some of the key nobility as well as â€Å"any others of whom you are superior.† This is clearly Henry giving Wolsey freedom to act as he wishes, thus†¦show more content†¦The author Lotherington describes how government was â€Å"dominated by†¦competing groups† but that overall the â€Å"source of all power was the king.† Lotherington argues that as Wolsey lacked the â€Å"intimate daily contact† enjoyed by others within the court this meant Wolsey was not all powerful. Also, th e king also looked to his Privy Council and Gentlemen’s bedchamber for advice on issues, as well as Wolsey, which shows that Henry shared the power throughout the court. Saying this however, Wolsey had had more power than others (as seen in the Elthem Ordinances) where Wolsey halved the members of Henry’s gentlemen of the Bedchambers from twelve to six, and moved key advisors overseas. This suggests that although the power was shared, Wolsey could still decide who the king received advice from, which indirectly could be interpreted as Wolsey in total control. Also, although source 5 describes the power of the factions Lotherington also states how Wolsey â€Å"controlled the distribution of patronage† which was essential to gain power and status. This gives the impression that Wolsey had overall control of government, and could either air or hinder the careers of the â€Å"ambitious men.† Saying this however, once the amicable grant failed in 1525 Henry lo st faith in Wolsey. This allowed the competing factions, many of whom opposed Wolsey due to his power, to undermine his authority which eventually led to his disapproval and eventually arrest for treason. This

Amerindian before Columbus and the Physical Geography of the Caribbean Free Essays

Much of America history is recorded from the time Columbus and his team of explores landed in the Caribbean region. The first reaction to establishment of Spanish in the Caribbean region was the policy of extermination in which millions of the original inhabitants lost their life.   Although it has become controversial on the exact number of inhabitants living in the region before the coming of the Columbus, it remains clear there were a large number of indigenous people and the coming of Columbus really changed their life. We will write a custom essay sample on Amerindian before Columbus and the Physical Geography of the Caribbean or any similar topic only for you Order Now The nature of the Native Americans remains a controversial issue since it is argued that on his arrival Christopher Columbus mistook the inhabitants for Indians. This is because he though he had arrived in East Indies since he was seeking sea route to India. The culture of Amerindian before Columbus The pre-Columbian civilization in the region is though to have been quite advances more that what was projected at the time. It has been revealed that there was a high level of development from social organization to development in agriculture and other sciences which were applied in agriculture and in political expansion. Notably among this civilization was the expansive Maya empire which had flourished and expanded from Mexico to Central American but which later collapsed owing to social and political strife, diseases and other ecological disasters, and man other factors (Mann, 1999). The geography of the region shows a very fertile soil and seasons of heavy rainfall. This means that the area had a very high agricultural potential which was well exploited by the inhabitants. The economic landscape of the people before the coming of Europeans is mixed. While a good number of the indigenous inhabitants were hunters and gatherers, there was also a good number which practiced aquaculture and agriculture. There is evidence that some of the people lived on mixed agriculture keeping animals and growing crops. Therefore we can say that before the coming of Columbus, the original inhabitants had their own organized social life and varying economic activities in line with the rich agricultural potential of the land. When the European came and conquered the region, there were several changes that took place. First they immediately realized the rich agricultural potential of the land and their settlement pattern was concentrated in rich agricultural areas. What followed was mass extermination of the indigenous inhabitants so as to set up large scale lands for the Europeans. It is in this land that they grew sugar plantations and other cash crops. This led to massive enslavement of the indigenous people in order to provide labor in these large plantations. The setting up of plantations changed the approach that Europeans were using in dealing with the native. The policy of mass extermination  Ã‚   quickly changed to mass enslavement to provide free labor. There was also discovery of mineral like gold which led toe increased trade and setting up of industries. (Mann, 1999) Conclusion It is still controversial whether Columbus discovered South America or not. However there were original inhabitants in the land who Columbus referred to as Indians. The inhabitants were social organized and they practiced agriculture although a good number were hunters and gatherers. When European came they realized the agricultural potential of the land and immediately set up large plantation where they enslaved the indigenous people to provide free labor. Reference: Mann, C. (1999): New Revelation of the Americans before Columbus. New York: Knopf Publishing How to cite Amerindian before Columbus and the Physical Geography of the Caribbean, Papers